Experiments of evacuation speed in smoke-filled tunnel |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Fire Safety Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden;2. Department of Psychology (Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany;3. VTplus, Würzburg, Germany;4. Department of Psychology, Chair of Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany;1. University of Würzburg, Department of Psychology I, Marcusstr. 9-11, D-97072 Würzburg, Germany;2. VTplus GmbH, Germany;3. University of Regensburg, Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany;1. School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China;2. College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350116, China;3. Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China;4. State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China |
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| Abstract: | Among tunnel fire safety strategies, evacuation speed in smoke, which is the basic evacuation performance characteristic, is one of the most important factors when assessing safety. An evacuation experiment in a full-scale tunnel filled with smoke has been done in order to clarify the relation between extinction coefficient up to Cs = 1.0 m?1, which includes Cs = 0.4 m?1 as a Japanese road tunnel fire prevention standard, and evacuation speed. The maximum, minimum and mean values of normal walking speeds are almost constant regardless of the extinction coefficient. As for the emergency evacuation speeds, the maximum speed is largely influenced by extinction coefficient, decreasing rapidly from 3.55 m/s at Cs = 0.30 m?1 to 2.53 m/s at Cs = 0.75 m?1 while the minimum and mean speeds are almost constant with a slight decrease as Cs increases. The maximum evacuation speed trends in the present experiments and those in Frantzich and Nillson (2003, 2004) and Fridolf et al. (2013), lie on the same decreasing logarithmic curve as a function of extinction coefficient. |
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| Keywords: | Evacuation experiment Extinction coefficient Evacuation speed Road tunnel filled with smoke Fire safety risk assessment |
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