Heterogeneous diamond phases in compressed graphite studied by electron energy-loss spectroscopy |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan;2. Department of Material Science and Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada;3. Faculty of Sciences, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1, Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0862, Japan;1. ALBA Synchrotron Light Source (CELLS-ALBA), 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain;2. Instituto de Óptica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C/Serrano 121, E-28006 Madrid, Spain;3. Centro de Microanálisis de Materiales (CMAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain;4. Instituto de Fusión Nuclear (UPM), C/ José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, E-28006 Madrid, Spain;5. Physics Department, “Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces” (NIS) Inter-departmental Centre, University of Torino, Torino, Italy;6. INFN — National Institute of Nuclear Physics, Section of Torino, Torino, Italy;7. Laboratory of Bio-Inspired & Graphene Nanomechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy;8. Centre of Materials and Microsystems, Bruno Kessler Foundation, Trento, Italy;9. School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University, London, UK;10. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;11. National Institute of Optics (INO-CNR), Firenze, Italy;12. Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain;1. Department of Physics, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida, 1710, Science Campus, Christiaan de Wet and Pioneer Avenue, Florida Park, Johannesburg, South Africa;2. Department of Physics, Tamkang University, Tamsui 251, Taiwan |
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| Abstract: | Chemical mapping imaged by electron energy-loss spectroscopy based on scanning transmission electron microscopy was conducted on a compressed graphite specimen containing different carbon allotropes (hexagonal diamond, cubic diamond, and graphite phases). This imaging process allows visualization of the complex spatial distribution of different diamond phases, and their coexistence was confirmed using dark field (DF) imaging. The chemical mapping images showed spatial distribution of local bonding state for hexagonal and cubic diamond phases in the whole specimen, while the DF images showed only a part of crystalline segments with long-range order. Thus, the chemical mapping method has an advantage for the purpose of observing locally the existence of individual carbon allotropes in the whole specimen. The size distribution of the hexagonal diamond phase is approximately 10–100 nm. These findings indicate that the compressing method can potentially synthesize ~ 100 nm large diamond phases. |
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