Up-conversion luminescence of the NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ nanomaterials prepared with the solvothermal synthesis |
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| Affiliation: | 1. University of Turku, Department of Chemistry, FI-20014 Turku, Finland;2. University of Turku Graduate School (UTUGS), Doctoral Programme in Physical and Chemical Sciences, Turku, Finland;3. Turku University Centre for Materials and Surfaces (MatSurf), Turku, Finland;4. University of Turku, Department of Biochemistry, FI-20014 Turku, Finland;5. University of the Free State, Department of Physics, Bloemfontein ZA-9300, South Africa;1. Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland;2. Doctoral Programme in Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Turku Graduate School (UTUGS), Turku, Finland;3. Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, BR-05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil;4. Physics Department, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, BR-22451-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil;5. Mackgraphe-Graphene and Nanomaterials Research Center, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, BR-01302-907, São Paulo SP, Brazil;6. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland;7. Department of Physics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein ZA-9300, Republic of South Africa;8. Turku University Centre for Materials and Surfaces (MatSurf), FI-20014 Turku, Finland;1. Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Kengaraga Str. 8, Riga LV-1063, Latvia;2. Institut Laue-Langevin, 71, avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France;3. Institut für Materialwissenschaft, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstrasse 23, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany;4. Fraunhofer-Institut für Silicatforschung ISC, Brentanostr. 2, 63755 Alzenau, Germany;5. The Bragg Institute, ANSTO, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia;1. School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi''an 710069, PR China;2. School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi''an 710069, PR China;3. Institute of Modern Physics, Northwest University, Xi''an 710069, PR China;1. University of Turku, Department of Chemistry, FI-20014 Turku, Finland;2. University of Turku Graduate School (UTUGS), Doctoral Programme in Physical and Chemical Sciences, Turku, Finland;3. Turku University Centre for Materials and Surfaces (MatSurf), Turku, Finland;1. Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China;2. Department of Applied Science, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China;1. Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroc?aw, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroc?aw, Poland;2. Institute of Physics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Al. Piastów 17, 70–310 Szczecin, Poland |
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| Abstract: | Up-converting NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ (xYb: 0.20, xEr: 0.02) nanomaterials were prepared with a microwave assisted solvothermal synthesis to study how the synthesis parameters affect the structure and up-conversion luminescence of the materials and thus their usability as labels in biomedical applications. The purity of the materials was studied with Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy and the particle size and morphology with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The crystal structure was characterized with X-ray powder diffraction (XPD) and the crystallite sizes were calculated with the Scherrer formula. Up-conversion luminescence and luminescence decays were studied with near infra-red (NIR) laser excitation at 970 nm.The presence of the oleic acid was observed in the FT-IR spectra. The TEM images showed small quasi-spherical nanoparticles as well as long nanorods. The XPD measurements revealed that both cubic and hexagonal forms of NaYF4 were present in the materials. The crystallite sizes ranged from ca. 20 to over 150 nm for the cubic and hexagonal phases, respectively. The characteristic up-conversion luminescence of Er3+ in red (640–685 nm; 4F9/2 → 4I15/2) and green (515–560 nm; 2H11/2, 4S3/2 → 4I15/2 transitions) wavelengths was observed. The most intense luminescence and the longest luminescence emission lifetime were obtained with the material annealed for 12 h at 177 °C with 1.8 MPa pressure due to the predominance of the well-crystallized hexagonal form of NaRF4 (R: Y, Yb, Er). |
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| Keywords: | Sodium yttrium tetrafluoride Solvothermal synthesis Nanomaterials Up-conversion luminescence |
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