Experimental observation of low threshold optical bistability in exfoliated graphene with low oxidation degree |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Photonics Lab, School of Physics, Iran University of Science & Technology, Narmak, Tehran, Iran;2. Optics & Laser Engineering Group, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Urmia University of Technology, Band Road, Urmia, Iran;3. Photonics Lab, Kharazmi University, Mofatteh Ave., Tehran, Iran;1. School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, People׳s Republic of China;2. School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People׳s Republic of China;3. School of Science, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robot, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, People׳s Republic of China;4. Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People׳s Republic of China;1. Key Laboratory of Radar Imaging and Microwave Photonics, Ministry of Education, College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China;2. School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, China;1. School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi''an 710062, China;2. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;3. Teaching and Research Section of Physics, Foundation Department, Engineering University of CAPF, Xi''an 710086, China;1. Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Urmia University of Technology, Band Road, Urmia, Iran;2. International Centre for Translational Eye Research (ICTER), Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland |
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| Abstract: | We have experimentally investigated low threshold Optical Bistability (OB) and multi-stability in exfoliated graphene ink with low oxidation degree. Theoretical predictions of N-layer problem and the resonator feedback problem show good agreement with the experimental observation. In contrary to the other graphene oxide samples, we have indicated that the absorbance does not restrict OB process. We have concluded from the experimental results and Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation (NLSE) that the nonlinear dispersion – rather than absorption – is the main nonlinear mechanism of OB. In addition to the enhanced nonlinearity, exfoliated graphene with low oxidation degree possesses semiconductors group III–V equivalent band gap energy, high charge carrier mobility and thus, ultra-fast optical response which makes it a unique optical material for application in all optical switching, especially in THz frequency range. |
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| Keywords: | Optical bistability Exfoliated graphene Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation Nonlinearity Chaos |
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