Damage observation and assessment of the Longxi tunnel during the Wenchuan earthquake |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;2. Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;3. Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;4. State Key Laboratory for Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;1. Department of Geotechnics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Tabriz, Iran;2. School of Civil Engineering, University College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Iran;1. Center of Excellence for Fundamental Studies in Structural Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran;2. School of Civil Engineering, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran;3. School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran;4. Department of Civil Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Chungli, Taiwan;1. Engineering Department, Sulaimaniya Health General Directorate, Ministry of Health, Kurdistan Region, Iraq;2. Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, 11421 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;3. Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq;4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Arak University, Arak, Iran;1. State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China;2. School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China;3. Key Laboratory of Geotechnical Mechanics and Engineering of Ministry of Water Resources, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, Hubei, China;1. State Key Laboratory for Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;2. Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;3. Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China |
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| Abstract: | The Longxi tunnel was one of the most damaged tunnels during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China. What makes the case interesting is that the tunnel crosses a fault zone. Damage from small to heavy cracking was observed both at the portal and inside the tunnel, while sections close to the fault completely collapsed. A full three-dimensional dynamic finite element model of the tunnel and rock system is used to assess the seismic damage observed in the tunnel and to evaluate the influence of the longitudinal and vertical motions on the seismic response. A comparison between the numerical predictions and the damage reported shows a good agreement. The results indicate that the longitudinal earthquake motion has a significant effect on the response of the tunnel structure and should be considered for the structural design of tunnels in seismic zones. In contrast, the vertical seismic motions can generally be neglected. |
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| Keywords: | Wenchuan earthquake Mountain tunnel Fault Damage Numerical simulation |
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