基于外部效应的水果采后预冷节点布局优化研究

目的 揭示预冷在前端冷链物流中的重要地位。方法 从预冷外部效应的视角出发，通过冷链物流外部效应最大化和成本最小化的成本综合模型，优化前端冷链物流节点；同时运用市场价值法对水果采后预冷的外部效应价值量进行测算，并通过从化荔枝的实例说明具体的优化和测算过程。结果 布局优化预冷节点后，产生的外部效应总价值量是预冷节点布局成本的92倍，占到整年荔枝销售总额的1/5。结论 预冷节点的推广，不仅可以为自身创造经济价值，也可产生巨大的外部效应，且在调节果蔬产销矛盾，延长供应期，稳定和增加农民收益等方面发挥着积极作用。

Layout Optimization of Pre-cooling Nodes after Fruit Harvest Based on External Effects

The work aims to reveal the important position of pre-cooling in front-end cold chain logistics. From the perspective of pre-cooling external effects, the front-end cold chain logistics nodes were optimized through the cost synthesis model of maximizing the external effect and minimizing the costs of cold chain logistics. Meanwhile, the value of external effects of post-harvest pre-cooling of fruits was estimated by market value method, moreover, the specific process of optimization and calculation was explained by the example of litchi in Conghua. After the layout optimization of pre-cooling nodes, the total value of the external effects was 92 times that of the layout cost of the pre-cooling nodes, accounting for 1/5 of the total sales of litchi in the whole year. The extension of pre-cooling node can not only create economic value for itself, but also produce huge external effect. It plays an active role in regulating the contradiction of fruit and vegetable production and marketing, prolonging the supply period, stabilizing and increasing farmers'' income, et al.