海洋用金属材料的微生物腐蚀研究进展

虽然海洋环境下所使用的金属材料的机械性能和耐蚀性能都较好，但近年来关于海洋工程材料腐蚀失效的报道却越来越多。以海洋环境下金属材料的腐蚀为背景，重点介绍了近年来逐渐引起人们重视的金属材料微生物腐蚀的研究进展。一些经典的腐蚀理论虽然能够解释一些微生物腐蚀现象，但是目前微生物腐蚀逐渐成为很多工业环境下普遍存在的严重问题，这些机理的片面性也就逐渐暴露出来。随着研究的深入，人们对微生物腐蚀机理的认识更加全面、深入。研究者逐步提出了基于生物能量学和生物电化学的微生物腐蚀理论，该理论引入了微生物胞外电子传递过程，解释了微生物为什么和如何腐蚀金属材料，并获得了学术界的普遍认可。为了解决传统抗微生物腐蚀方法的诸多不足，开发新型抗菌材料、研发环保型杀菌剂和杀菌剂增效剂将会为微生物腐蚀防治提供新思路。

Progress in Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion of Metallic Materials in Marine Environment

Although the metallic materials used in marine environment have good mechanical properties and corrosion re-sistance, there are more and more reports on corrosion failure of marine engineering materials in recent years. The work aims to in-troduce the research progress of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of metallic materials in the marine environment, which has attracted greater attention in recent years based on the corrosion of metallic materials in marine environment. Although the classical corrosion theories can explain some of the MIC phenomena, limitations of these mechanisms are exposed when MIC is becoming a serious concern in real industrial applications. With the progress of research, people have a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding on mechanism of MIC. Researchers have proposed the MIC theory based on bioenergetics and bioelectro-chemistry. This theory introduces the extracellular electron transfer (EET), and explains why and how the microorganism corrodes the metallic materials and has been widely accepted by academic circles. In order to resolve the shortcomings of traditional an-ti-MIC methods, the development of novel antibacterial materials, and environment-friendly bactericides and biocide enhancers might provide new prospects for the prevention and control of MIC.