5种植物精油对赤拟谷盗的驱避活性研究

为筛选新型环保植物源仓储害虫驱避剂,采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取椒蒿、香青兰、窃衣、驱虫斑鸠菊和啤酒花的植物精油,滤纸药膜法测定5种精油对赤拟谷盗成虫的驱避活性。结果表明：2 h后,在浓度为16 nL/cm2时,香青兰、窃衣、驱虫斑鸠菊、椒蒿精油对赤拟谷盗的驱避活性与阳性对照避蚊胺相当,驱避活性等级均为Ⅴ级,驱虫斑鸠菊的驱避等级稍弱于避蚊胺,驱避等级为Ⅳ级；随着浓度的降低,各精油的驱避活性随之较低,但在浓度为1.6 nL/cm2、0.16 nL/cm2时,5种植物精油的驱避活性明显高于阳性对照(驱避率为0%)；在浓度为0.016 nL/cm2时,除香青兰精油具有驱避活性(驱避率为37%),驱避等级为Ⅱ级外,其他几种植物精油的驱避活性都为Ⅰ级,甚至无驱避活性；在浓度为0.0016 nL/cm2时,香青兰精油依然具有Ⅱ级的驱避活性,其他植物几乎均无驱避活性,有些还呈现吸引作用；4 h后,各精油的驱避活性均有所下降,但总体趋势与2 h无明显差异。研究结果表明香青兰精油对赤拟谷盗具有较强的驱避活性,值得进一步研究,该研究结果可为仓储害虫的无公害防治提供理论基础。

Repellent activity of five essential oils against Tribolium castaneum

The screening for repellency against Tribolium castaneum from several Chinese medicinal herbs, dried spices (Artemisia dracunculus, DracocephalumSmoldavica, Torilis scabra, Vernohia anthelmintica, Humulus lupulus) were subjected to hydrodistillation using a modified Clevengertype apparatus for 6 h and extracted with n-hexane, then evaluated the repellent bioaasy of five essential oils against the beetles by used the filter paper residual film method. At 2 h after exposure, the result showed that at the highest concentration(16 nL cm-2), four essential oils (A. dracunculus, D.Smoldavica, T. scabra, H. lupulus) exhibited the same level of repellency (class V) against the beetles compared with the positive control (DEET) , but V. anthelmintica (class IV) exhibited weak repellency than DEET. At other concentrations (1.6 nL cm-2, 0.16 nL cm-2) , all of five essential oils exhibited stronger repellency against the red flour beetle than DEET. Moreover, at the lowest concentration (0.0016 nL cm-2), the essential oil of D.Smoldavica still exhibited 32% repellency against the red flour beetles, and other essential oils had no repellency, some of them had attractive. At 4 h after exposure, repellency of five essential oils showed slightly lower than dates at 2 h after exposure, but no significant difference. This finding suggest that the essential oil of D.Smoldavica show potential for development as a natural repellent for stored products.