亿千瓦级时代中国水电调度问题及其进展

三峡工程和西电东送工程开启了中国和世界水电史上从未有过的最大规模水电工程建设,中国水电取得了1亿千瓦、2亿千瓦和3亿千瓦里程碑成就。截至2017底,中国水电装机容量达到了3.41亿kW,是排名第2美国3倍多,等同于紧随其后世界5个水电大国总和。中国水电区域电网水电装机规模超过1亿kW,有两个省级电网水电装机规模分别超过了7000万kW、6000万kW,超过排名第5的日本,紧随排名第4的加拿大;十四大水电基地中,有7个干流梯级水电装机容量超过了1000万kW,最大金沙江流域超过了3000万kW;西电东送"南通道"和"中通道"20条特高压直流和8条特高压交流跨省跨区域水电输送能力1.05亿kW。中国水电史无前例的系统规模和发展速度,极大改变了国内外现有的调度管理方式,对传统的水电系统调度方法提出了重大挑战,需要全新的调度方法。本文概述了中国水电发展历程,总结了水电系统新变化和面临的三大水电问题,梳理了最近10多年中国水电突出的理论和方法进展,最后指出未来需要开展能源结构转型中的中国水电问题研究。

A state-of-the-art review of China's hydropower operations and the recent advances in the era of gigawatts

The Three Gorges and West-East Electricity Transfer Projects have brought an unprecedented hydropower boom in China and the world. China''s cumulative installed hydropower capacity has been over 100 GW, 200 GW and 300 GW in just 20 years. By the end of 2017, the installed hydropower capacity in China has reached 341 GW, which is more than three times of installed hydropower capacity in the United States, the second largest in the world, and equivalent to the combined installed hydropower capacity of the world''s next five major hydropower countries. In the process of rapid development of hydropower in China, it is also the period of speedy development of the entire China''s electricity system. By hydropower interconnection, the installed capacity of single regional power grid is more than 100 GW, which is higher than the United States and Brazil, which rank second and third in the world. Two provincial power grids have been built with more than 70 GW and 60 GW of installed hydropower capacity, respectively, ahead of fifth-placed Japan and following the fourth-placed Canada. The unprecedented scale and developing speed of hydropower system in China has greatly changed the existing scheduling management methods at home and abroad, posing a major challenge to the traditional scheduling methods of hydropower system, and a new scheduling method is needed. This paper gives an overview of the development history of hydropower in China, concludes the new changes in hydropower systems and three facing major problems, reviews the theoretical and methodological progress of hydropower in China in the last decade and points out that China''s hydropower research under transformation of energy structure needs to be carried out in the future.