Hopfield neural networks for state estimation: parameters, efficient implementation and results

State estimation processes measurements and other information to find the network state vector. In this paper, state estimation is considered as an optimization problem to be solved with a Hopfield neural network. Several activation models for this network are simulated and compared. A new method is proposed that calculates the integration step parameter for this network in an autonomous way, eliminating the need for determining it in a manual way for each particular problem. This algorithm has been successfully tested for a wide range of electrical nets. Neural and classic analytical methods are compared.