Application of refractory coatings to converter linings by swirling technology. 1. Breakup of liquid slag with a swirling lance

The application of refractory coatings to the converter lining may be improved by means of special injectors, such as swirling lances, for most effective spraying of the slag melt. On the basis of the mechanics of gas–liquid systems, the breakup of liquid slag under the action of swirling jets is simulated. The size of the slag particles entrained from the interaction zone is determined by the speed of the gas flux and the gas flow rate. Decrease in slag viscosity tends to reduce the minimum particle size. At breakdown, foaming of the slag melt is possible. That reduces the speed of the slag particles and impairs the formation of a slag coating on the converter lining.