无线传感网中一种能量均衡的分簇路由算法

无线传感器网络的一个极富挑战性、极其关键的课题就是降低能源消耗以延长网络寿命。文中提出了一种能量均衡的分簇路由算法（CRA—EB）。算法分为三个阶段，即：簇头选择、聚的生成及数据传输。首先基于节点的剩余能量和邻居节点数目来选择簇头。然后每一个非簇头节点根据簇头代价值加入自身通信范围内的簇头。在数据传输阶段，CRA-EB首先在簇内使用单跳通信，然后在簇间使用多跳通信。对簇间通信，簇头以自身为起点对通往基站的各路径代价进行衡量，同时选择其他簇头作为中继节点在这些路径上转发数据。仿真实验结果表明，与LEACH和DEBR算法进行比较，CRA-EB算法在能耗和活跃节点数量方面的性能表现更加高效。

An Energy Balanced Clustering Routing Distributed Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Networks

One of the most challenging and critical problem in Wireless Sensor Networks （WSNs） is to reduce energy consumption to prolong network life. In this paper,propose an energy balanced clustering routing distributed algorithm. The algorithm comprises of three phases, namely cluster head selection, cluster setup and data routing. The CHs are selected in distributed manner based on residual energy and the neighbor cardinality. In the setup phase, each non-CH sensor node joins a CH within its communication range based on the cost value of the CHs. In data routing phase, CRA-EB first uses single hop communication within each cluster and then performs multi-hop communication between the clusters. For inter-cluster routing, a CH measures the cost of each path from itself towards base station while selecting other CH as a relay node for data forwarding on those paths. The simulation results show that, compared with the LEACH and DEBR algorithm, the CRA-EB algorithm is more effective in terms of energy consumption and the number of live sensor nodes.