北京和河北地区食用菌质量安全状况调查与分析

目的通过对北京和河北地区4种有代表性的食用菌平菇、金针菇、香菇(干品和鲜品)和黑木耳(干品)开展污染物监测工作,掌握该地区食用菌质量安全现状。方法在生产基地、流通市场分别进行抽样调查,总共抽取95个食用菌样品,并对农药残留、重金属、甲醛、二氧化硫、硫酸镁等化学污染物进行监测。结果研究发现,在北京和河北生产基地中,生产环节使用农药种类和次数较少,香菇、平菇、金针菇鲜品中农药和重金属等各风险因子超标率较低,只有平菇中氯氟氰菊酯超标率为3.3%。流通市场抽取香菇和黑木耳干品中农药、二氧化硫及重金属超标率相对较高,其中黑木耳干品中多菌灵、氯氰菊酯超标率均为8.3%,铅超标率为20.0%;香菇干品中砷、镉超标率均为20.0%,二氧化硫超标率为40.0%。结论为保证食用菌的质量安全,应加强对加工、贮藏和运输等流通环节的监管力度。

Investigation and analysis on the quality and safety of edible fungi in Beijing and Hebei province

Objective To monitor the pollutions in oyster mushroom, golden mushroom, dry and fresh mushroom, dry Auricularia auricula in Beijing and Hebei province, in order to investigate the conditions of quality and safety of edible fungi. Methods Ninty-five samples were collected from production base and circulation market, and pesticides, heavy metals, formaldehyde, sulfur dioxide, magnesium sulfate were determined in the samples. Results The results suggested that less pesticides were used in the production base, and pollutions detected exceeding standard in fresh mushroom, oyster mushroom, golden mushroom were at a low level. The rate of exceeding standard of cyhalothrin residues in oyster mushroom was 3.3%. However, exceeding standard rates of pesticides, sulfur dioxide and heavy metals residues in dry mushroom and Auricularia auricular, came from circulation market, were at a high level. The exceeding standard rates of carbendazim, cypermethrin and lead residues in Auricularia auricular were 8.3%, 8.3% and 20.0%, respectively. The exceeding standard rates of arsenic, cadmium, sulfur dioxide residues in dry mushroom were 20.0%, 20.0% and 40.0%, respectively. Conclusion In order to ensure the quality and safety of edible fungi, government should strengthen supervision on the market of processing, storing and translation link.