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Enhanced water desalination performance through hierarchically-structured ceramic membranes
Affiliation:1. School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA;3. CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China;4. Inorganic Membranes, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands;1. Ceramics Synthesis and Functionalization Lab, UMR 3080 CNRS/Saint-Gobain, F-84306 Cavaillon, France;2. Institut Europeen des Membranes, Universite de Montpellier 2, Place Eugene Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France;1. School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, People’s Republic of China;2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, People’s Republic of China;3. State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People’s Republic of China;1. CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China;2. The Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development-LangFang, Langfang, Hebei 065007, China;3. Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China;4. Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China;5. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece;1. Laboratory of Water and Environment, Research team: Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Process Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Chouaïb Doukkali University, P.O. Box 20, El Jadida 24000, Morocco;2. Laboratory of Materials, Membranes and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Hassan II University of Casablanca, P.O. Box 146, Mohammedia, 20650, Morocco
Abstract:Developments of membrane water desalination are impeded by low water vapor flux across the membrane. We present an innovative membrane design to significantly enhance the water vapor flux. A bilayer zirconia-based membrane with a thick hierarchically-structured support and a thin functional layer is prepared using a combined freeze drying tape casting and screen printing method. The hierarchically-structured YSZ support has a porosity of 42.6%, pores of 4.5 μm or larger, and a relatively low tortuosity of 1.58 along the thickness direction. The bilayer membrane is then converted from naturally hydrophilic to hydrophobic via grafting with a fluoroalkylsilane. A water flux of 28.7 Lm−2 h−1 and a salt rejection of 99.5% are achieved by exposing the functional layer to 80 °C salt water of 2 wt.% NaCl and the support layer to 20 °C distilled water. These results are the best performing ones for ceramic membranes in direct contact membrane distillation operation.
Keywords:Membrane distillation  Seawater desalination  Hierarchical oriented pores  Freeze drying tape casting  X-ray computed tomography
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