低速电动汽车的性能研究

电动汽车是解决能源危机和环境污染的有效方法,但就目前情况来看,电动汽车大规模使用仍需时日。尽管如此,低速电动汽车目前已在中国低端电动汽车市场取得了成功。文章探讨了低速电动汽车的行驶特性、动态性能、电池性能和能量效率。通过底盘测功机实验测试与室外道路实验,分析了低速电动汽车的负载特性和过载特性,研究不同电池对低速电动车性价比的影响。虽然目前锂离子电池比铅酸电池成本更高,但实际应用中,锂离子电池效率更高、全寿命行驶距离更长。直流驱动电机有优秀的过载能力,但电机系统的低效率限制了低速电动汽车的整车能量效率。因此,开发低成本、高效率的电池及电机驱动系统是提高低速电动车性价比的有效途径。

Performance Investigation of Low-Speed Electric Vehicles

Electric vehicle is an effective solution to the fossil fuel energy resource crisis and environmental pollution, but there is a wide gap between current market conditions and the anticipated products. However, low-speed electric vehicles have been commercially successful in the low-end performance electric vehicle market in China. In this paper, the ride characteristics, dynamic performance, battery performance, and power efficiency of a low-speed electric vehicle were examined. The vehicle characteristics were measured through dynamometer and road tests. The overload performance was also tested under the drive power more than 4 times the rated value. The effects of different batteries on the cost performance of low-speed electric vehicles were also analysed. Although the lithium-ion polymer battery is currently more costly than the lead-acid battery, the increased efficiency of this battery provides a more economical full-cycle lifetime driving distance for practical applications. The low power efficiency of the DC drive motor and its control system limit the general power efficiency of the low-speed electric vehicle and determine its economical speed. Some optimisation methods for improving low-speed electric vehicle performances were suggested.