读Robert Fishman《世纪转折点的美国大城市》及其对我国城市发展的几点思考

基于美国权威学术刊物的资料,介绍了过去50年影响美国城市发展的10大因素,它们是:①1956年全美高速公路法案和机动车迅速增长;②联邦政府住房管理按揭投资计划;③中心城市的工业疏散;④市中心再开发和公共住房项目;⑤可大规模生产的郊区装配式住宅;⑥城市和郊区的种族隔离和工作歧视;⑦封闭式大型购物中心;⑧"阳光带"模式的蔓延;⑨空调;⑩1960年代的城市暴乱.美国在过去50年城镇化发展的历史经验和教训,虽然因其所处时代和国情与我国有诸多不同,但是其中也有一些对正处于城镇化进程关键阶段的我国城市规划和建设,具有一定的借鉴价值.

Introduction of Robert Fishman's "The American Metropolis at Century's End" and Considerations about Current Chinese Urban Development

Based on the article titled "The American Metropolis at Century's End", written by Robert Fishman, this paper introduces the top ten influences on American metropolis of the past 50 years, which are: the 1956 Interstate Highway Act and the dominance of the automobile; Federal housing administration mortgage financing and subdivision regulation; De-industrialization of central cities; Urban renewal; Levittown; Racial segregation and job discrimination in cities and suburbs; Enclosed shopping malls; Sunbelt-style sprawl; Air conditioning, and Urban riots of the 1960s. Then, this paper points out five considerations on current Chinese urban development: Mobile transportation policy and increased urban traffic problem; Policy of commercialized housing and housing issues for low income families; Urban renewal and large scale resettlements; Industry transformation in central cities and issue of job lost; and urban new immigrations and social segregation.