Improving combat casualty care and field medicine: focus on the military medic

Surgical treatments have a limited role in the treatment of geriatric urinary incontinence. Patterns of problems exist with incontinence, including pelvic support defects and bowel and bladder dysfunction. Each of the major elements must be treated to achieve the best outcomes. Urodynamic testing should be used to confirm the cause of incontinence before selecting a surgical procedure. Minimally invasive procedures include periurethral collagen injections.