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Biodegradable Implantable Sensors: Materials Design,Fabrication, and Applications |
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| Authors: | Nureddin Ashammakhi Ana Lopez Hernandez Bige Deniz Unluturk Sergio A. Quintero Natan Roberto de Barros Ehsanul Hoque Apu Abdullah Bin Shams Serge Ostrovidov Jinxing Li Christopher Contag Antoinette S. Gomes Miguel Holgado |
| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095 USA;2. Center for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM, Campus de Montegancedo, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain;3. Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824 USA;4. Center for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM, Campus de Montegancedo, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain Department of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales (ETSII), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, C/José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, Madrid, 28006 Spain;5. Department of Bioprocess and Biotechnology Engineering, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, 14801-902 Brazil;6. Karlsruhe School of Optics & Photonics (KSOP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Bangladesh University of Business and Technology, Rupnagar R/A, Mirpur-2, Dhaka, -1216 Bangladesh;7. Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095 USA;8. Center for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM, Campus de Montegancedo, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain Department of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales (ETSII), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, C/José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, Madrid, 28006 Spain Group of Organ and Tissue on-a-chip and In-Vitro Detection, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, 28040 Spain |
| Abstract: | The ability to monitor diseases, therapies, and their effects on the body is a critical component of modern care and personalized medicine. Real time monitoring can be achieved by analyzing body fluids or by applying sensors on, or alternatively, inside the body. Implantable sensors, however, must be removed. Second removal procedures lead to further tissue damage, which can be a problem in tissues such as those of the central nervous system. The use of biodegradable sensors alleviates these problems since they do not require removal procedures. Recent advances in material science made it possible for all sensor components to be biodegradable. Small size and power of implants, and the limited selection of materials are the main constraints determining the capabilities of the biodegradable device. Thus, the design will be always a challenge exploring a trade-off among these parameters. Despite of the encouraging results illustrating that biodegradable sensors can be as accurate and reliable as commercially available nondegradable ones, biodegradable implantable sensors are still in their infancy. Significant advances made in this area are critically reviewed in this paper, and future prospects are highlighted. |
| Keywords: | biodegradable implantable sensors monitoring remote |