Effect of a Transverse Tensile Stress on the Electric-Field-Induced Domain Reorientation in Soft PZT: In Situ XRD Study

The effect of a transverse tensile stress on the electric-field-induced 90°-domain reorientation in tetragonal lead zirconate titanate (PZT) near the morphotropic phase boundary was investigated in situ using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD intensity ratio, I ₍₀₀₂₎/ I ₍₂₀₀₎, which represents the ratio of the volume of the c -domains to that of the a -domains on the PZT surface, was examined as a function of the electric field at various stress levels. It was found that a transverse tensile stress changes the electric-field dependence of I ₍₀₀₂₎/ I ₍₂₀₀₎, especially at higher electric fields. Without a transverse tensile stress, I ₍₀₀₂₎/ I ₍₂₀₀₎ began to saturate at E ≈ 800 kV/m. With a transverse tensile stress of 75 MPa, I ₍₀₀₂₎/ I ₍₂₀₀₎ increased with an upward curvature with the electric field, indicating that the transverse tensile stress enhanced the field-induced 90°-domain reorientation, and increased the effective piezoelectric coefficients at larger electric fields. At E = 900 kV/m, the estimated d _31,domain changed from ?200 × 10^?12 V/m at zero stress, to ?350 × 10^?12 V/m at 75 MPa.