近代山东私盐的泛滥及其成因

为了维护专商引岸制度，近代山东私盐界定宽泛，使用多重标准，具有很大不合理性，导致私盐泛滥成灾，其中场私、邻私、硝私、军私等危害较大。究其原因，主要有四点：盐政管理弊端丛生、度量衡制度紊乱、缉私力量不统一、私盐对官盐具有优势。可见，销售制度的固化与消费需求的灵活性之间形成了一对难以调和的矛盾。

The Deluging and Reasons of Illegal Salt in Modern Shandong

In order to maintain the Yin system, illegal salt was multiply defined in modem Shandong, which was broad and unreasonable, leading to the deluging of illegal salt. Illegal salt did a great harm to official salt, especially the field illegal salt, adjacent illegal salt, nitrate illegal salt and army illegal salt. The four main reasons of the deluging of illegal salt was that the imperfect salt management, the disorder measurement systems, divisive anti-smuggling forces and the advantage of illegal salt. In brief, the solidification of the sales system and the consumer demand for flexibility formed a pair of irreconcilable contradictions.