On the rate determining step in fission gas release from high burn-up water reactor fuel during power transients |
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| Affiliation: | 1. European Institute for Transuranium Elements, Postfach 2340, D-7500 Karlsruhe, Fed. Rep. Germany;2. Department of Metallurgy, Risø National Laboratory, Postbox 49, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark;1. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, and Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China;2. Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China;3. School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China;4. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China;5. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China;1. McColl-Lockwood Laboratory for Muscular Dystrophy Research, Cannon Research Center, Carolinas Medical Center, Carolinas Healthcare System, Charlotte, North Carolina;2. Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California;3. Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina;1. School of Management, University of Tampere, Finland;2. Institute for Peace Research and Security Policy at the University of Hamburg (IFSH), Germany;3. Department of Political Science, Goethe University Frankfurt M., Germany;1. Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany;2. Department Solar Materials, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany |
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| Abstract: | The radial distribution of grain boundary gas in a PWR and a BWR fuel is reported. The measurements were made using a new approach involving X-ray fluorescence analysis and electron probe microanalysis. In both fuels the concentration of grain boundary gas was much higher than hitherto suspected. The gas was mainly contained in the bubble/pore structure. The factors that determined the fraction of gas released from the grains and the level of gas retention on the grain boundaries are identified and discussed. The variables involved are the local fuel stoichiometry, the amount of open porosity, the magnitude of the local compressive hydrostatic stress and the interaction of metallic precipitates with gas bubbles on the grain faces. It is concluded that under transient conditions the interlinkage of gas bubbles on the grain faces and the subsequent formation of grain edge tunnels is the rate determining step for gas release; at least when high burn-up fuel is involved. |
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