飞秒激光参数对硅橡胶表面结构与防冰性能影响的研究

目的 采用飞秒激光刻蚀硅橡胶表面，获得表面结构较优、润湿性能与防冰性能优异的超疏水硅橡胶表面。方法 通过控制变量，设计单因素试验，研究飞秒激光参数(填充间距、能量密度、扫描速度)对硅橡胶表面结构的影响规律。基于正交试验设计和极差分析获得使表面结构规整且表面粗糙度最大的相对最优工艺参数，研究飞秒激光参数对表面粗糙度的影响主次顺序。结果 飞秒激光刻蚀硅橡胶的相对最佳工艺参数如下:能量密度为5 J/cm²，扫描速度为200 mm/s，填充间距为20 μm。最优参数组下激光刻蚀的超疏水硅橡胶表面粗糙度达到最大值5.954 μm，具有规整的峰状凸起与微纳结构和优异的超疏水性能，水接触角高达165.3°，滚动角低至2.6°。该超疏水硅橡胶表面具有优异的防冰性能，在低温高湿环境下，与未处理的硅橡胶表面相比，结冰时间由67 s延长至312 s，冰黏附强度由39.6 kPa降低至7.4 kPa。超疏水硅橡胶还具有良好的循环除冰性能，经20次结冰/除冰循环后，冰黏附强度仍不超过20 kPa;此外，该表面还具有优异的耐腐蚀性能和良好的耐磨损性能。结论 飞秒激光增大能量密度和减小扫描速度会使激光刻蚀宽度增大，要避免纵向条纹，应控制填充间距不超过激光刻蚀宽度。激光参数优化后刻蚀出的超疏水硅橡胶表面具备优异的防冰性能，并且机械与化学稳定性较好，在恶劣环境中的防冰领域，具有广阔的应用前景。

Effect of Femtosecond Laser Parameters on the Structure and Anti-icing Performance of Silicone Rubber Surface

The work aims to use femtosecond laser to etch the surface of silicone rubber to obtain superhydrophobic silicone rubber surface with good surface structure and excellent wettability and anti-icing properties. A one-way test was designed to investigate the effects of femtosecond laser parameters (filling distance, fluence and scanning speed) on the surface structure of silicone rubber by controlling variables. Based on the orthogonal experimental design and polar analysis, the relative optimal process parameters were obtained when the surface structure was regular and the surface roughness was the maximum, and the primary and secondary effects of femtosecond laser parameters on the surface roughness were investigated. The relative optimal process parameters for femtosecond laser etching of silicone rubber were as follows:fluence of 5 J/cm2, scanning speed of 200 mm/s, and filling distance of 20 μm. The surface roughness of the laser-etched superhydrophobic silicone rubber under the optimal parameter set reached the maximum value of 5.954 μm, with regular peak-shaped protrusions and micro-nano structures, excellent superhydrophobicity with water contact angle of 165.3° and roll angle of 2.6°. Such superhydrophobic silicone rubber surface had excellent anti-icing property and in the environment with low temperature and high humidity, compared with the untreated silicone rubber surface, the icing time was extended from 67 s to 312 s, the ice adhesion strength was significantly reduced from 39.6 kPa to 7.4 kPa. The superhydrophobic silicone rubber also had good cyclic de-icing performance and after 20 cycles of icing/de-icing, the ice adhesion strength still did not exceed 20 kPa. In addition, it also had excellent corrosion resistance and good wear resistance. Increasing laser fluence and reducing scanning speed will make the laser etching width increase. To avoid longitudinal stripes, the filling distance should be controlled to not exceed the laser etching width. The superhydrophobic silicone rubber surface etched after optimization of the laser parameters has excellent anti-icing performance and good mechanical and chemical stability, which has a broad application prospect for anti-icing in harsh environments.