基于ADAMS的装载机工作装置动力学仿真方法研究

文中针对装载机工作装置进行动应力测试需要较高的时间与人力成本，以国产额定载重9t装载机为研究对象。提出一种应用虚拟样机技术快速获得装载机工作装置应力特性的方法。在ADAMS中建立了工作装置虚拟样机模型，对工作装置在不同工况下利用Step函数进行多刚体动力学仿真分析，得到的铰点载荷与实测载荷进行对比，验证仿真方法的合理性。利用Ansys生成动臂、摇臂以及连杆的柔性体文件，采用模态叠加法建立工作装置刚柔耦合动力学模型，导入不同工况下实测液压缸位移与铰点载荷，进行了工作装置动力学仿真分析，与Step函数仿真结果对比，结果表明：对于刚体动力学仿真分析，利用Step函数模拟铲装作业可以较好地反映铰点处的峰值载荷。对于刚柔耦合动力学仿真分析，基于实测载荷的最大应力与基于Step函数模拟的最大应力相对误差不超过26%，研究为装载机工作装置的强度分析与结构优化提供参考依据。

Research on dynamic simulation method of loader working device based on ADAMS

Considering the time-consuming and high labor cost of dynamic stress test of a loader working device,taking a domestic loader with a rated load of 9 t as the research object,a method to quickly obtain the stress characteristics of loader working device by using virtual prototype technology is proposed.The virtual prototype model of the working device is established in ADAMS,and the multi-rigid-body dynamics simulation analysis of the working device under different working conditions was carried out with the Step function,and the obtained hinge point load was compared with the measured load to verify the rationality of this simulation method.The flexible body files of boom,rocker arm and connecting rod were generated with Ansys,and the rigid-flexible coupling dynamic model of the working device was established by modal superposition method,and the comparison between measured displacement and hinge point load of hydraulic cylinder under different working conditions was carried out for dynamic simulation analysis,and the results were compared with that of simulation of Step function.Results show that for the rigid body dynamics simulation analysis,the peak load at the hinge point can be better reflected by using Step function to simulate shovel loading.For the rigid-flexible coupling dynamics simulation analysis,the relative error between the maximum stress based on the measured load and the maximum stress based on the Step function simulation is less than 26%.This research can serve as a reference for the strength analysis and structural optimization of the working device of loader.