以国家公园为主体的日本自然公园建设均衡性研究

运用曲线拟合分析法对日本都道府县尺度国家公园体系中3个级别自然公园的数量、面积进行均衡性分布分析，结果表明：1)日本3个级别的自然公园在都道府县尺度上的数量分布较为合理、均衡，但从面积上看，各级别公园的面积分布差距偏大，其中国家公园和都道府县立自然公园的均衡性基尼系数均为0.43；2)自然公园类别上，国家公园和都道府县立自然公园的面积占比较大，但由于自然公园用地在日本国土空间规划层面被划分为一种用地类别，其3个级别的自然公园互不重叠，保证了国家公园、国定公园及都道府县立自然公园能够在都道府县范围内互相补充、相互支撑，从总体上达到了在国土空间范围内面积分布的均衡性，基尼系数为0.23。研究结果对中国建立以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系的有序、均衡发展具有借鉴意义。

Research on the Balance Construction of Japanese Natural Parks with National Parks as the Main Body

This paper uses the curve-fitting analysis method to analyze the balanced distribution of the number and area of the three levels of natural parks in the national park system at the prefecturescale of Japan. The results are: 1) In terms of quantity, the number distribution of Japanese natural parks of the three levels is relatively reasonable and balanced at the prefecture scale. In terms of area, the area distribution of natural parks of the three levels is relatively largest the prefectural scale. Among them, the balanced Gini coefficient of national parks and prefectural natural parks are both 0.43. 2) Although the types of parks are different and the area ratios of national parks and prefectural natural parks are relatively large, the land nature of Japanese natural parks is classified as the same land type at the level of national land planning. Therefore, the three levels of natural parks can complement and support each other, and achieve the area balance of the entire country''s spatial distribution, and the balanced Gini coefficient is 0.23. The results of this research have reference significance for the establishment and scientific development of China''s nature reserves system with national parks as the main body