Iron,copper and zinc in white sugar from Serbian sugar beet refineries |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Biofuel Research Team (BRTeam), Karaj, Iran;2. Sugar Beet Seed Institute, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), P. O. Box: 31585-4114, Karaj, Iran;3. Microbial Biotechnology Department, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran;4. Department of Mechanical Engineering of Agricultural Machinery, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran;1. LEPAE, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;2. ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n.° 228, 4050-313, Portugal.;3. IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Recep Tayyip Erdo?am University, 52349 Rize, Turkey;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Istanbul Aydin University, 34455 Florya, Istanbul, Turkey;3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, 34349 Besiktas, Istanbul, Turkey;1. Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B9000 Gent, Belgium;2. Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering (DICAM), University of Bologna, Via Terracini, 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy;1. Utah Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT;2. Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR), Department of Medicine;3. Division of Biostatics, Institute for Heath and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI;4. CIBMTR, National Marrow Donor Program/Be The Match, Minneapolis, MN;5. Division of Pediatric Hematology, Children''s Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA;6. Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH;7. Hematology Branch, Sarah Cannon Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Nashville, TN;8. Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH;9. The Children''s Hospital of Westmead, Westmead, Australia;10. Adult Bone Marrow Transplant, University Hospitals Bristol National Health Service Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom;11. Division of Hematology and Transplant Center, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN;12. Division of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan;13. Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA;14. Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY;15. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden;16. Centre for Clinical Research Sormland, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden;17. Pediatric Hematology Oncology and Bone Marrow and Stem Cell Transplantation Program, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC;18. Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY;19. Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Cleveland Clinic Children''s Hospital, Cleveland, OH;20. Division of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplant, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children''s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL;21. Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL;22. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA;23. Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD;24. Division of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC;25. Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA;26. Levine Children''s Hospital, Charlotte, NC;27. Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL;28. Department of Haematology and Oncology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan;29. Division of Hematology/Oncology/Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI;30. Texas Transplant Institute, San Antonio, TX;31. Inselspital, Universitatsspital Bern, Bern, Switzerland;32. Division of Hematological Malignancy and Cellular Therapeutics, University of Kansas Health System, Kansas City, KS;33. Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL;34. Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University, Stanford, CA |
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| Abstract: | Small amounts of soluble and insoluble impurities such as iron, copper and zinc in refined white sugar determine the usefulness of sugar for various industrial applications. The content of iron, copper and zinc was evaluated in 166 white sugar samples from four Serbian beet sugar refineries during the campaign of 2003. The production of the chosen sugar factories is accounted for about 70% of the total national sugar origin and the taken samples were representative of their production. Wet digestion was applied and the content of studied microelements was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The mean content of iron, copper and zinc (0.37, 0.06 and 0.02 mg/kg, respectively) was low in all the white sugar samples from the Serbian sugar refineries, but statistically it was significantly different from the content of the investigated elements in the sugar samples from European sugar factories. The iron content was significantly higher in Serbian sugar, while the content of copper and zinc found in sugar from Serbian refineries were significantly lower than the ones from some European beet refineries. The origin of these impurities was discussed as far as known. |
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