Incorporation of the ash from cellulignin into vitrified ceramic tiles |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Chemical Engineering College of Lorena-FAENQUIL, Department of Materials Engineering-DEMAR, Pólo Urbo-Industrial Gleba AI-6, 12600-970 Lorena-SP, Brazil;2. RM Materiais Refratários Ltda, Av. Dr Leo de Affonseca Netto 750, 12600-000 Lorena-SP, Brazil;3. State University of the North Fluminense-UENF, Advanced Materials Laboratory-LAMAV, Av. Alberto Lamego 2000, 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, Brazil;1. Campus Blumenau, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 89035-410 Blumenau, SC, Brazil;2. Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil;3. Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13563-120 São Carlos, SP, Brazil;4. Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology Group, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil;1. IFW Dresden, Institute for Complex Materials, D-01069, Dresden, Germany;2. POLITEHNICA University of Timisoara, P-ta Victoriei 2, Timisoara, Romania;3. Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 702-701, Daegu, South Korea;4. Center for Non-crystalline Materials, Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Yonsei University, 120-749, Seoul, South Korea;5. Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Jahnstraße 12, A-8700, Leoben, Austria;6. Department Materials Physics, Montanuniversität Leoben, Jahnstraße 12, A-8700, Leoben, Austria;1. Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Institute of Technology of Building Materials and Components, Veveri 95, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic;2. Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Material Engineering, Radlinského 11, Bratislava, Slovakia;1. Southwestern Institute of Physics, PO Box 432, Chengdu, 610041, PR China;2. School of Physics and Nuclear Energy Engineering, Beijing, 100191, PR China;3. Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy Materials and Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, PR China;1. Department of Materials Engineering and Convergence Technology, Engineering Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea;2. Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon 641-010, Republic of Korea;3. Agency for Defense Development, 4-R&D Center, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea;4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA |
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| Abstract: | The incorporation of the ash from cellulignin, a catalytic biofuel, into a clay/feldspar body was investigated. The cellulignin was obtained by acidic prehydrolysis and was then burnt in boilers leaving behind the ash as a solid residue. Characterization tests of the ash employed X-ray diffraction, particle size distribution, mercury porosimetry, chemical analysis, thermal analysis and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy. The ash/clay/feldspar compositions were fired at 1200 °C and the linear shrinkage, water absorption and flexural strength were determined. Solution and leaching tests were conducted to evaluate the environmental safety of the final ceramics. The results showed that the ash is mainly composed of quartz with partially nanometric particle size, high surface area and high content of alkaline and alkaline earth oxides. These are advantages for a potential use of this ash as a flux. The partial replacement of feldspar by ash promoted a better vitrification decreasing the open porosity and increasing the mechanical strength. Heavy metals present in the ash became inert after the firing stage. |
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