A method to fabricate hydroxyapatite/poly(lactic acid) microspheres intended for biomedical application |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russian Federation;2. M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation;3. National Research University “Belgorod State University”, 308015 Belgorod, Russian Federation;1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China;2. School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China;3. Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei United University, Tangshan 063009, Hebei, China;4. Department of Joint Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China;5. School of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China;1. Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catazaro, Italy;2. Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy;3. Department of Health Science, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catazaro, Italy;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria;2. Africa Centre of Excellence on New Pedagogies in Engineering Education, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria;3. Industrial and Environmental Pollution Department, National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Zaria, Nigeria;4. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria;5. Department of Family Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria;6. Department of Chemical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria;7. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana;8. Air Force Institute of Technology, Nigerian Air Force Base, Kaduna, Nigeria;9. Multifunctional Materials Laboratory, Shell Office in Mechanical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria;1. PDEA’s Annasaheb Waghire College of Science, Arts & Commerce, Otur 412409, M.S., India;2. School of Physical Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded 431606, M.S., India;3. Haribhai V. Desai College, Pune 411 002, M.S., India;1. College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi''an, Shaanxi, 710021, PR China;2. School of Biology Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton, WV1 1LY, UK |
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| Abstract: | The interaction between organic and inorganic materials enables one to fabricate inorganic/organic microsphere composites. In a novel microemulsion method, we have prepared surfactant-free poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/hydroxyapatite (HAp) microspheres by using the interfacial interaction between inorganic and organic materials, because surfactants are undesireble materials for biomedical applications due to their non-biodegradability. The studies that varied the ion concentrations in oil/water microemulsions revealed that HAp was nucleated at the end group PLA, COOH, and the array of the PLA end groups determined the crystal phase of the calcium phosphate as HAp under the low ion concentration condition. PLA induced the nucleation and precipitation of HAp at the oil/water interface, simultaneously, the precipitated HAp stabilized the microemulsion without surfactants. This novel process made surfactants unnecessary for organic/inorganic microsphere fabrications. |
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