An overview of aqueous-phase catalytic processes for production of hydrogen and alkanes in a biorefinery |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 130-743, Korea;2. Department of Bioenviromental & Chemical Engineering, Chosun College of Science & Technology, Gwangju 501-744, Korea;3. Department of Environmental Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 540-950, Korea;4. Department of Chemical Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan 330-717, Korea;5. Department of Environmental Education, Mokpo National University, Muan 534-729, Korea;1. Department of Chemistry, Çukurova University, 01330 Adana, Turkey;2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Architecture and Engineering, Bursa Technical University, Osmangazi, Bursa 16190, Turkey;1. Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea;2. Carbon Resources Institute, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea;3. Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan;4. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea;5. Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea;6. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA;1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Architecture and Engineering, Bursa Technical University, Osmangazi, Bursa, 16190, Turkey;2. Department of Chemistry, Çukurova University, Art and Sciences Faculty, Balcali, Adana, 01330, Turkey;3. Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA |
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| Abstract: | In this overview we discuss how aqueous-phase catalytic processes can be used to convert biomass into hydrogen and alkanes ranging from C1 to C15. Hydrogen can be produced by aqueous-phase reforming (APR) of biomass-derived oxygenated hydrocarbons at low temperatures (423–538 K) in a single reactor over supported metal catalysts. Alkanes, ranging from C1 to C6 can be produced by aqueous-phase dehydration/hydrogenation (APD/H). This APD/H process involves a bi-functional pathway in which sorbitol (hydrogenated glucose) is repeatedly dehydrated by a solid acid (SiO2–Al2O3) or a mineral acid (HCl) catalyst and then hydrogenated on a metal catalyst (Pt or Pd). Liquid alkanes ranging from C7 to C15 can be produced from carbohydrates by combining the dehydration/hydrogenation process with an upstream aldol condensation step to form C–C bonds. In this case, the dehydration/hydrogenation step takes place over a bi-functional catalyst (4 wt.% Pt/SiO2–Al2O3) containing acid and metal sites in a specially designed four-phase reactor employing an aqueous inlet stream containing the large water-soluble organic reactant, a hexadecane alkane sweep stream, and a H2 inlet gas stream. The aqueous organic reactant become more hydrophobic during dehydration/hydrogenation, and the hexadecane sweep stream removes these species from the catalyst as valuable products before they go on further to form coke. |
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