二氧化碳的活化及其催化加氢制二甲醚的研究进展

CO₂是一种稳定的物质,其化学惰性限制了CO₂转化技术的发展。本文介绍了化学催化、生物活化、光电活化及等离子体活化等CO₂活化方式,从CO₂催化加氢合成二甲醚的工艺研究、催化剂开发、催化加氢机理和本征动力学研究等方面综述了CO₂催化加氢合成二甲醚的研究进展,认为化学催化法是目前应用最广泛的一种CO₂活化方式。对于一步法催化CO₂加氢合成二甲醚的工艺,其难点是制备高效CO₂活化催化剂。开发高效的CO₂活化及转化催化剂及对CO₂合成二甲醚的反应过程进行机理探究,是推广CO₂转化技术的关键。

Recent advances in the activation of carbon dioxide and the synthesis of dimethyl ether by the catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide

CO₂ is a kind of stable substance, and its chemical inertness limits the development of CO₂ conversion technologies. This paper describes the activation methods of CO₂, including chemical catalysis, biological activation, photoelectric activation and plasma activation. The recent advances are reviewed by introducing the study on dimethyl ether(DME) synthesis from the catalytic hydrogenation of CO₂, the development of catalysts, the mechanism of catalytic hydrogenation process and intrinsic kinetics. It is pointed out in the paper that the method of chemical catalysis is the most widely used method of CO₂ activation. To develop effective activation catalysts of CO₂ is the difficulty in the one-step process of DME synthesis by the catalytic hydrogenation of CO₂. The development of effective activation and conversion catalysts of CO₂ and the mechanism exploration of DME synthesis reaction are the keys to the promotion of CO₂ conversion technologies.