我国变压吸附制氧吸附剂及工艺研究进展

新型吸附剂和变压吸附工艺开发是提高变压吸附装置性能的主要途径。本文综述了我国变压吸附制氧吸附剂改性及变压吸附制氧工艺研究进展,并指出目前存在问题:LiLSX型及Li⁺和其他离子的混合型吸附剂具有良好氧氮分离性能,但仍存在离子交换利用率低、成本高等问题;其他离子改性的吸附剂制备过程相对简单,但也有分离系数低或成本高等缺点;基于循环步骤改进的变压吸附制氧工艺优化研究大多以实验室规模制氧装置为主,未深入研究优化工艺的过程性能,难以有效地指导工业级制氧装置工艺优化;快速和双回流变压吸附制氧新工艺具有广阔发展前景,但相关研究欠深入;而多级和耦合变压吸附制氧工艺具有广阔应用前景,但存在流程复杂、能耗较高等缺点。指出未来制氧吸附剂和制氧工艺研究应进一步研究固相离子交换方法,提高LSX吸附剂Li⁺交换利用率,降低成本;开展优化工艺的过程性能研究,指导工业级制氧装置优化;加强快速变压吸附和双回流变压吸附制氧工艺研究,推动工程化应用。

Progress of modified adsorbent and pressure swing adsorption for oxygen production in China

Developing new adsorbents and PSA processes is an important way to improve performance of PSA devices. In this paper, progress of modified adsorbent and new processes of PSA producing oxygen are reviewed. Li-LSX or LSX exchanged with Li⁺ and other ions has ideal separation performance, but such adsorbents have problems of low ion exchange utilization and high cost. Preparation of other single or multi-ions modified adsorbents is relatively simple, but the disadvantages are low separation factor and high cost. Optimization process of modified PSA for oxygen production based on cycle step cannot provide guide for industrial oxygen devices because of laboratory scale data and less in-depth study. Rapid PSA and duplex PSA processes have broad development prospect for oxygen production, and should be paid enough attention. Moreover, multi-stage and coupled PSA processes have broad application prospect, but they have problems of complex process and high energy consumption.