磺基甜菜碱的合成研究进展

磺基甜菜碱具有性能温和、界面活性高、抗二价阳离子能力强等优点，被广泛应用于洗涤剂、化妆品、石油开采等领域。本文介绍了以胺为原料，经叔胺化-季铵化两步法合成磺基甜菜碱的合成工艺进展，重点阐述了制备叔胺中间体的4种方法，即卤化胺化法、醇一步催化胺化法、甲醛加氢法和羰基还原胺化法。从原料性能、收率、环保性、可操作性等方面进行了分析比较，讨论了各方法存在的问题及工业化的可行性。此外，对叔胺中间体的季铵化过程中所用试剂3-氯-2-羟基丙磺酸钠和磺酸内酯进行了比较，最后指出羰基还原胺化法是实现绿色工业化生产应该努力的方向，而3-氯-2-羟基丙磺酸钠是一种经济、绿色、环保的季铵化试剂。

Research progress in the synthesis of sulphobetaine

Sulphobetaine is widely used in the fields of detergent，cosmetic and oil recovery because of its mildness，high interfacial activity，and strong capacity for tolerating the divalent cations，and so on. In this paper，the progress in the two-step synthesis technology of sulphobetaine using amine as raw material is discussed，four methods to produce the intermidate (tertiary amine) were described particularly，including halogenate-amination，catalytic amination of alcohols，formaldehyde hydrogenation and reductive amination of carbonyl compounds. The problem and the industrialization feasibility of each synthesis technology were discussed in terms of raw materials，yield，environmental protection property and practicalities. Besides，sodium 3-chloro-2-hydroxy propanesulfonate and propane sultone used in the quaterisation of tertiary amine were compared in detail. It can be concluded that the further research shall be focused on the reductive amination of carbonyl compounds for its green property. 3-Chloro-2-hydroxy propanesulfonate is a good reagent for quaterisation.