Development and characterization of a defatted soy flour-based bio-adhesive crosslinked by 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid |
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| Affiliation: | 1. State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China;2. Discipline of Electrical Engineering, Energy and Physics, School of Engineering and Information Technology, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia;1. Department of Food Science and Technology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Azadi Sq., Mashhad, Khorasan Razavi, P.O. Box 91775-1163, Iran;2. Bioresource Engineering Department, McGill University (Macdonald Campus), 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada;1. Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMR-S 1146, CNRS UMR 7371, Laboratoire d''Imagerie Biomédicale, 75006 Paris, France;2. CREATIS, Université de Lyon , INSERM U1206, CNRS UMR5220, INSA-Lyon, UCBL, 69621 Villeurbanne, France;3. ESRF, 38043 Grenoble, France;4. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Laboratory for the Application of Synchrotron Radiation, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany;1. Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza Aoba 6-6-11, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan;2. Research Center of Supercritical Fluid Technology, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza Aoba 6-6-11, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan;3. Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan;1. School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China;2. Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Dadao, Nanjing 210009, China;3. Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huaian, Jiangsu, 223003, China;4. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Nelson Marlbolough Institute of Technology (NMIT), Nelson 7010, New Zealand;5. Application Center, Agilent Technologies Japan, Ltd., 9-1 Takakura-cho, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-0033, Japan;6. Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan;1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1230 Lincoln Drive, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA;2. Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, 1400 Washington Ave., University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA;3. Department of Mechanical Engineering and Energy Processes, 1230 Lincoln Drive, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA;4. Advanced Coal and Energy Research Center, 405 West Grand Ave., Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA |
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| Abstract: | A new, environmentally friendly defatted soy flour-based bio-adhesive was developed by using the cross-linker 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA). The reaction between BTCA and defatted soy flour was confirmed by assaying the free amino groups, by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction, and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR). Three-ply plywood was fabricated to measure wet shear strength, and the cross-section and thermal behavior of resultant adhesives were characterized in detail. A decrease in the free amino group content, a new ester peak in the FTIR spectra, a weaker resonance at 65.4–76.2 ppm in 13C NMR, and a decrease in crystallinity confirmed that BTCA was successfully crosslinked with defatted soy flour. The resulting crosslinked bio-adhesive showed improved wet shear strength (1.36 MPa) and a reduced sol fraction (24.8%). The crosslinked bio-adhesive displayed enhanced thermal stability, and had a more uniform surface based on thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The results suggest BTCA can be used to prepare high-performance environmentally friendly defatted soy flour-based bio-adhesives. |
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| Keywords: | Bio-adhesive BTCA Crosslinking Defatted soy flour |
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