Design of experiments for optimization a biodegrable adhesive based on ramon starch (Brosimum alicastrum Sw.) |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Calkiní, en el Estado de Campeche, Av. Ah-Canul S/N. Carretera Federal, CP24900 Calkiní, Campeche, México;2. Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. (CICY), Unidad de Materiales, Calle 43 # 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, CP97200 Mérida, Yucatán, México;1. Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Thammasat University, Rungsit campus, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand;2. Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;1. Synthesis and Products Development Unit, Advanced Oleochemical Technology Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia;2. Troy Polymers, Inc., Troy, MI 48083, USA;1. LERMAB, University of Lorraine, Epinal, France;2. ICGM (UMR 5253 – CNRS, UM, ENSCM), Ecole Nationale Superieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM), Montpellier, France;3. Dept. of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia;4. IS2M, Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, CNRS LRC 7228, University of Haute Alsace, Mulhouse, France;1. Lignocellulosic Research Group, Directorate of Materials Research, Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Baghdad, Iraq;2. Lignocellulosic Research Group, School Of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia;1. Division of Bioresource, Paper and Coatings Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia;2. Faculty of Bio Engineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia;3. Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078-6013, USA |
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| Abstract: | In this work, a Central Composite Design (CCD) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) were used to study the effect of starch content, hydrolyzing agent (NaOH) content, temperature and cooking period on peel strength and shear strength of biodegradable adhesives based on Ramon (Brosimum alicastrum Sw.) and Corn (Zea mays L.) starch. Scribe® paper was used as substrate or adherent. The CCD consisted of 36 experiments (including 12 central points). The second-order regression models of the response surface method, used to predict the response variables, exhibited a high correlation between the data obtained and the predicted data, and were thus considered reliable to optimize the mechanical properties for peel strength and shear strength of the Ramon starch adhesives. Starch content, hydrolyzing agent content and the cooking temperature of the adhesives proved to be the most significant factors affecting peel strength and shear strength of the adhesives of both the Ramon and corn starch. Moreover, the interactions of Starch-NaOH and Starch-Temperature were found to be the most significant in the adhesive properties in both adhesives. The mechanical properties (peel strength and shear strength) of both adhesives increased until reaching approximately their temperatures of gelatinization (T RAMON GEL = 83 °C, T GEL CORN = 72 °C). At higher temperatures, the mechanical properties of the adhesives diminished. The results of this study show that the adhesive prepared with the Ramon starch presents adhesive properties similar to those of an adhesive prepared with corn starch. This would imply that the Ramon starch is a viable alternative to substitute corn starch in industrial applications not relating to food production. |
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| Keywords: | Adhesive Adherent Response surface methodology Central composite design Peel strength Shear strength |
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