Investigation of the physico-chemical and microscopic properties of Ottoman mortars from Erzurum (Turkey) |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P.R. China;2. Department of Cultural Heritage and Museology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, P.R. China;3. Department of Architecture and Urban Studies, Politecnico di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy;1. Departament d''Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya·Barcelona Tech (UPC), EPSEVG, Av. Víctor Balaguer s/n, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltrú, Barcelona, Spain;2. Museu Nacional d''Art de Catalunya, Parc de Montjuïc, 08038, Barcelona, Spain;3. Departament de Física, Centre de Recerca en Ciència i Enginyeria Multiescala de Barcelona, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya·BarcelonaTech (UPC), Campus Diagonal Besòs, Av. Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019, Barcelona, Spain;4. ESRF, Avenue des Martyrs 71, F-38000 Grenoble, France;5. LAMS, CNRS UMR 8220, Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Place Jussieu 4, F-75005 Paris, France;6. Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, PPSM, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;1. INEGI & CONSTRUCT, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;2. University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta dos Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;3. Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, Atlantic Avenue 4900-348 Viana do Castelo, Portugal |
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| Abstract: | Ottoman mortar is the long-established binding material used for centuries and there are many historical buildings as evidence of its use by Ottomans in Erzurum (Eastern Turkey). The physico-chemical and microscopic properties of the Ottoman mortars in Erzurum have been studied in detail as part of an investigation of the mineral raw materials present in the territory of Turkey. For this purpose, SEM, XRD and EDS analyses of six main types of mortars were carried out showing the presence of organic fibers and calcite, quartz and muscovite minerals. The chemical analyses of the specimens showed that higher SiO2 + Al2O3 + Fe2O3 contents yielded in higher values of hydraulicity and cementation indices. A significant result of this investigation was that mortars with higher hydraulicity and cementation indices had higher compressive strengths. Most probably this is the main reason why historical Ottoman buildings were resistant against serious earthquakes. |
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