引黄灌区水沙资源配置关键技术的研究

引黄灌区水沙资源配置关键技术包括灌区减沙沉沙技术、引水分沙技术、渠道输水输沙技术等。通过引黄灌区引沙和沉沙资料的分析，论述了引黄灌区减沙技术和对灌区有害的粗颗粒泥沙处理技术，前者主要是通过控制引水含沙量或减少引水量来实现，后者主要是通过有害泥沙的拦截和沉积来达到。结合渠道输水输沙能力，总结了提高灌渠输沙能力的工程措施和非工程措施，前者包括加大渠道比降、渠道衬砌、改造阻水建筑物、优化断面等，后者主要是指水沙调控技术。通过分析渠道引水分沙特征，进一步探讨了引黄灌区自流灌溉和提水灌溉的特点，指出自流灌溉的支渠引水含沙量略低于或等于干渠含水量，渠道处于增淤状态；若提水泵站及其进口合理布置，将会有利于渠道减淤。

Study on key technique of water and sediment resources allocation in irrigation system of the Lower Yellow River

The key techniques of water and sediment resources allocation include the sediment reduction and sediment sinking technique, water and sediment transport technique, water and sediment diversion technique, and so on. The sediment reduction and the harmful sediment control are stated based on the harmful sediment concept in the irrigation system, the former of which will be realized on controlling diversion sediment concentration or water diversion reduction, and the latter of which will become true based on the harmful sediment interception and settlement. The structural and non-structural measures for enhancing the sediment transport capacity of the canal (STCC) are summed through analysis, the former of which include the slope increase, canal liner, improvement of the flow block bridges and optical cross-section, and the latter of which are mainly water and sediment controlling techniques. The water and sediment diversion characteristics of the gravity irrigation and pumping irrigation were analyzed in theory. When the diversion sediment concentration by gravity in tributary canal is less than that in trunk canal, the trunk canal will be in status of deposition increase. When the pumping station and its inlet are in good arrangement, it is good at deposition decrease in the trunk canal.