水中重金属离子吸附材料的研究现状与发展趋势

系统介绍了无机吸附材料（碳质类、矿物类、金属氧化物类）、有机高分子吸附材料（纤维素、壳聚糖、农林废弃物、离子交换树脂等）和复合型吸附材料（有机/有机型、无机/无机型、有机/无机型）等重金属离子吸附材料的物化特性和结构特点，对上述材料去除水体典型重金属离子的吸附容量、吸附机理、工程应用进展等进行了综述。阐述了纳米材料、离子选择性材料和可降解生物质材料等新型重金属离子吸附材料的研究现状及发展趋势。结果表明:开发价格低廉、吸附容量高、选择性高、可再生且环境友好的吸附材料是重金属离子吸附研究的重要方向；结合现代化检测技术和分析手段，探索吸附过程中吸附剂与重金属离子间相互作用的本质，对于拓展吸附机理和开发性能优良的吸附材料具有重要的理论和实际意义。

Research Progresses and Trends in Materials for Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions in Aqueous Phase

The physicochemical characteristics and structural features of typical heavy metal ions adsorption materials including inorganic materials (carbons, minerals and metal oxides), organic macromolecular materials (cellulose, chitosan, agricultural and forestry waste, ion exchange resin), and composite materials (organic/organic type, inorganic/inorganic type, and organic/inorganic type) were systematically introduced. The adsorption capacity, adsorption mechanism and application progress of typical heavy metal ions in water were reviewed. The research status and development trend of novel heavy metal ion adsorption materials, such as nanomaterials, ion selective materials and biodegradable biomass materials were reviewed. The results show that the development of low price, high adsorption capacity, high selectivity, renewable and environmentally friendly adsorption materials are the important directions of heavy metal ion adsorption research. Combining with modern detection technology and analytical means to explore the nature of interaction between adsorbent and heavy metal ion in adsorption process has important theoretical and practical significance for extending the adsorption mechanism and developing the adsorption materials with good properties.