仿复眼视觉系统的研究进展

复眼是昆虫重要的光感受器,由成千上万的小眼构成,具有大视野的动目标快速检测能力。仿复眼的多孔径系统在机器人视觉导航、大视角测量和全景成像等领域应用广泛。首先介绍了复眼的生物机理、成像特性及现有的大视场成像系统;其次介绍了微透镜阵列的仿复眼光学设计现状,分析了微透镜阵列的大视角与多景深的全景成像质量,指出目前曲面微透镜一体化制造存在的成像缺陷;最后提出结合曲面与平面微透镜阵列实现大视角、多景深分辨率的仿复眼系统的可行性。该成像系统不仅可以实现全景范围内的清晰成像,而且还具有全景范围内的目标位置估计能力。

Research progress on artificial visual system inspired by compound eyes

Compound eye is one of the most important peripheral sensors in insects, which consists of thousands of ommatidia. The compound eye is characterized as multi aperture imaging and fast parallel processing, which insures the ability of fast detection and location on obstacles and predators. These characteristics have been widely recognized in several research fields, such as robot visual navigation, obstacle avoidance, machine vision, guided missile. Firstly, the biological mechanism, imaging features, and the existed large field visual system of the compound eyes were introduced;secondly, the different optical systems designed with micro lens array imitation from compound eyes, the panoramic image quality with large field of view and depth field, and the surface micro lens imaging defects were discussed;finally, the idea of combining the surf and plane micro lens array to achieve a system with large field of view and large depth of field was proposed. Based on the judgment of quality in panoramic images, position estimation of such a system can be achieved in detecting multiple moving targets.