汽轮机大轴弯曲诊断及其防范措施探讨

对汽轮机大轴弯曲故障进行诊断并采取有效防弯措施是电力生产部门的一项基础性工作。如果大轴弯曲超标,不但会引起汽轮机的振动,严重时还会导致大轴损坏的重大事故。文章介绍了产生汽轮机大轴弯曲故障的特点,分析了两种原因引起大轴发生永久性弯曲的机理,包括转子振动和汽缸进水以及转子中心孔进油引起大轴热弯曲的机理。文章同时对近年来汽轮机大轴弯曲故障的诊断技术、测量技术和直轴技术的主要研究成果与经验进行了总结与评述。通过对导致大轴弯曲各类原因的分析,对防止大轴弯曲的措施作了一些有益的探讨,研究结果可为机组的优化设计和现场运行提供指导性建议。

Fault Diagnosis on Rotor Bending of Steam Turbine and Countermeasures for Avoiding Permanent Bending

The characteristics of turbine rotor bending are presented and discussed in this paper.Two main mechanisms of rotor permanent bending,which are aroused by different causations,are analyzed,such as rotor vibration and water entering into the cylinder.The mechanism of hot bending,which is caused by oil entering steam turbine rotor center bore,is also put forward.The main research results and experience of diagnosing technology,measure technology and flattening technology in recent years are reviewed and discussed.Based on these discussions and analysis,some advice is given for avoiding rotor permanent bending.The results will give directive opinion to local operation and the optimization design of generation unit.