车、路的相互作用下沥青路面动力学特性分析

文中采用二自由度四分之一汽车悬架模型模拟汽车系统，依据弹性层状体系理论，建立路面结构的三维有限元分析模型，考虑车路相互作用，采用ANSYS有限元分析软件对移动车辆荷载作用下路面各结构层中的位移、应力、应变进行了模拟。计算分析了行车速度、悬架刚度、悬架阻尼、轮胎刚度和轮胎阻尼五个参数对路面动力响应的影响。结果表明：沥青面层处于三向受压状态，层内切应力是引起其破坏的主要原因；最大水平拉应力和最大横向拉应力均发生在路面结构的基层和底基层结合处；车速对路面动态响应的影响规律很复杂，应考虑车辆模型和路面不平整度，并划分速度区间加以探讨；路面动态响应随轮胎刚度、悬架刚度和悬架阻尼的增大而减小。上述结论对于深入分析路面结构动力响应与疲劳损坏以及研究车辆与路面相互作用的机理有重要价值。

Dynamical analysis of an asphalt pavement due to vehicle-road interaction

A three-dimensional vehicle-road-foundation interference system is modeled. A moving vehicle is simplified to a “quarter-vehicle” model. A 3-D model of asphalt pavement is established based on the elastic layered theory. The time-dependent deflection and stress of the asphalt pavement are obtained by linking together the characteristics of a road profile, a moving vehicle, and a multiple layered pavement structure. A detailed model parametric study then follows to show the effect of vehicle velocity, suspension stiffness, suspension damping, tire stiffness, and tire damping on the road dynamic response. The study is conducted with program ANSYS. The results show that in the three-dimensional pressure, the failure of asphalt concrete is mainly caused by shear stress. The maximal horizontal tensile stress and the maximal transverse tensile stress all emerge in joint region of base course and subbase. The influences of the vehicle speed on the pavement dynamic responses is complicated, which should be further discussed considering road profile and vehicle model . The pavement dynamic responses decrease with the increase of suspension stiffness, suspension damping, and tire stiffness .These conclusions may be useful for further analysis of the dynamic responses and damages of road structure, as well as the interference effect between vehicle and road.