Performance of a single-phase hybrid and nanocomposite polyelectrolyte in classical electrochromic devices

In this paper, we discuss the high stability of a single-phase hybrid polyelectrolyte (SPHP) and nanocomposite hybrid polyelectrolyte (NHP) in a large electrochromic (EC) device (5 cm × 10 cm) mounted with different electrodes. The electrochromic device (K-glass/FTO/WO₃/SPHP/CeO₂-TiO₂/FTO/K-glass—ECI, K-glass/FTO/WO₃/NHP/CeO₂-TiO₂/FTO/K-glass—ECII,) exhibited excellent color and bleach reversibility, high coloration efficiency (CE) (>35 cm²/C) from the first cycle up to more than 60,000 CA cycles, and a maximum constant rate of deintercalation/intercalation (O_out/Q_in = 1). Also, the life time of the EC device with Nb₂O₅:Mo (K-glass/FTO/Nb₂O₅:O/SPHP/CeO₂-TiO₂/FTO/K-glass—ECIII) was prolonged to up to more than 10,000 cycles with a fairly stable coloration efficiency (around 19 cm²/C) and O_out/Q_in = 1. The SPHP and NHP were tested in a large EC device with different configurations to evaluate its successful performance. In conclusion, its remarkable behavior and high stability render this material an excellent candidate for application in EC devices.