广东丘陵区小型河流生态需水量多种方法估算

目前国内河流生态需水量研究多针对干旱半干旱地区和生态已退化的河流,而较少研究南方河流,对广东丘陵地区中小型河流研究更是匮乏。广东水资源相对丰富,但水资源开发强度不断增大,加上水质污染,河流生态退化已成为亟需解决的问题。根据泗合水双桥水文站1980~2010年日径流和实测断面资料,采用6种常用方法计算了泗合水的生态需水量,并分析计算结果。结果表明,NGPRP法、最小月平均流量法、逐月最小生态径流法的结果相对较为理想,但全年采用同一个生态需水量不符合广东河流汛期水量充足生物繁育栖息地要求高,而非汛期河流水量少生物越冬栖息地要求低的自然规律。将汛期和非汛期的径流独立排频,分别计算两个时段的生态需水量,其结果可满足河流径流和生物繁育的自然规律。研究为估算广东丘陵地区河流生态需水量提供了思路和方法。

Ecological water demand estimation of small rivers in hilly region of Guandong Province by using different methods

Current researches on river ecological water demand in China more focus on arid area or ecologically degraded rivers rather than the southern rivers, not to mention study on medium rivers in hilly region of Guangdong Province. Guangdong is rich in water resources, but due to intensified development of water resources and increased water pollution, ecological degradation of the rivers has become an urgent problem. According to the runoff and cross section data at Shuangqiao hydrological station on Si-heshui River from1980 to 2010, six methods are employed to estimate and analyze the ecological water demand of Siheshui River. The results show:the results estimated by NGPRP method, the minimum monthly average stream flow and monthly minimum eco-logical stream flow are relatively ideal, but using the same ecological water flow for the whole year does not meet the natural law because that water amount in flood season is more than that in non-flood season and biological breeding habitat requirements in flood season are higher than biological overwintering habitat requirements in non-flood season. If the ecological water demand in flood season and non-flood season are calculated separately according to frequency order, the result can meet the natural law of river runoff and biological breeding. The research can provide ideas and methods for the estimation of ecological water demand in Guangdong hilly area.