浅析乌东德水电站建设对鱼类资源的影响

金沙江乌东德水电站的建设对河段水文情势及水环境产生了较大影响,从而改变了当地的鱼类生境。为了探讨电站建成后大坝上下游鱼类生境的变化以及鱼类新的分布格局,在收集河段鱼类资料的基础上,对当地的鱼类资源和鱼类适宜的生存条件进行了分析。结果表明:乌东德水库建成后,大坝的阻隔效应将使鱼类生境片段化和破碎化,下游白鹤滩库区适宜流水生境的鱼类将大幅减少,其适宜环境将集中在白鹤滩库尾不受回水影响河段和部分支流河段,同时,适应缓流、静水开阔水域生活的鱼类将大幅增加,并成为库区的优势种。研究结果将有助于乌东德水电站建成后相关水域的鱼类保护。

Analysis of impact on fish resources by Wudongde Hydropower Station construction in Jinsha River

Wudongde Hydropower Station on Jinsha River is a large-scale hydropower project and its construction will affect the hydrological regime and water environment, which will in turn change the local fish habitat. To explore the fish habitat change in the upstream and downstream of the dam and redistribution of fishes after the project construction, on the basis of collected fish data, the paper analyzes the local fish resources and their appropriate living condition. The analysis results show that after the completion of Wudongde dam, the barrier effect of the dam will cause the fragmentation of fish habitat, the appropriate area for the fish inclined to flowing habitat in downstream area of Baihetan Reservoir will substantially reduces and the suitable habitat will concentrate at the intact area in the downstream of Wudongde hydroproject ( the tail reach of Baihetan reservoir) and tributaries. In the meanwhile, the area appropriate for the fishes tending to slow, hydrostatic open waters will increase largely and the fishes will become dominant species in the reservoir area. The research conclusions are helpful to the fish protection in relevant waters after the completion of Wudongde Hydropower Station.