The analogy of nanoparticle shapes on the theory of convective heat transfer of Au–Fe3O4 Casson hybrid nanofluid

In recent times, Au nanoparticles have been commonly used for delivering the drug especially in the case of hypothermia of tumors, but low absorption of IR light does not solve destruction of tumor cells. However, nanoparticles such as Fe₃O₄ coated with Au could be used to deliver the drug to a specific spot due to applied external magnetic field. Due to these applications, boundary layer approximation is invoked to simplify the mathematical model. This paper presents the nanoparticle shape analysis and heat transfer features of the Au–Fe₃O₄–blood hybrid nanofluid flowing past a stretching surface on a magnetohydrodynamic medium. Numerical solutions of nonlinear differential equations are obtained by RKF-45 method with the help of shooting technique. The behavior of emerging parameters is described graphically for velocity and temperature profiles. It is found that the blade-shaped Au and Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles have better thermal conductance than brick, sphere, cylinder, needle, and platelet shapes. It is also observed that the Lorentz force generated due to magnetic field helps in controlling the flow and enhance the thermal conductivity of hybrid nanofluid.