教育大众化背景下的大学校园规划设计策略

摘要　“科教兴国”基本国策的确立极大推动了我国教育事业的发展,逐步由从“精英教育”向“大众教育”转变。20 世纪 90 年代中后期至 21 世纪初,我国高等院校规模迅速扩张,为了适应新时期社会的需求,科学地调整好校园建设的模式,学者们深入开展了校园规划的研究与设计实践,使得这一时期的校园规划特征明显。从我国教育变革的背景出发,通过对相关文献及大学校园建设项目的整理和分析,总结出这一时期高校的建设主要通过就地挖潜、就地扩建、异地新建和建设大学城等方式来解决“用地矛盾”,该时期高校校园的规划设计策略主要有：注重功能布局的多元性、自然文化的独特性、交往空间的层次性、交通流线的周密性、校园结构的开放性、建设发展的弹性和尊重自然的生态性。接着,以历史发展的眼光,指出国家政治政策的变革和社会科技经济的进步为高校建设进一步发展带来最直接推动力,并影响了高等教育的理念和模式。校园规划设计的理论和方法也为了满足全新教育理念的需求得以进步与发展,并受到相关学科所带来的理论和技术支撑。

University Campus Planning and Design Strategy under the Background #br#of Education Popularisation

ABSTRACT　Promoted by "rejuvenating the country through science and education," China's education shifted from "elite education" to "mass education." The number of China's colleges and universities increased significantly from the mid-to-late 1990s to the early 21st century. To adapt to the social requirements of this new age and to scientifically design and construct campuses, scholars have conducted in-depth research and implemented design practices for campus planning during this period. Based on a relevant literature review and campus construction projects, in the context of education reform, it was found that land-use conflicts were resolved through existing resource mining, in situ expansion, new construction, and construction of university cities. Campus planning and design strategies, in this period, mainly focused on a diversity of functional layouts, uniqueness of campus scenery, multi-level communication space, safe traffic ways, the openness of campus space, the flexibility of campus construction, and the ecology of the campus landscape. Subsequently, it was found that political policy reform and social, economic and technical progress not only promoted the university construction directly, but also influenced higher education concepts and models. The theory and methodology of campus planning design were supported by the theories and technologies of relevant disciplines and met the needs of China's new education philosophy.