聚合物基与传统熔铸载体炸药的工艺性差异研究

为了研究聚合物基熔铸炸药与传统结晶型熔铸载体炸药装药工艺性能的差异，采用载体微观凝固形态检测、熔铸炸药流变性能测试、X光缺陷检测、凝固过程中温度 时间变化曲线检测、药屑状态观测等方法，对聚合物基熔铸炸药与传统结晶型2,4-二硝基苯甲醚（DNAN）基、3,4-二硝基呋咱基氧化呋咱(DNTF)基熔铸载体炸药的微观凝固特征、流动性能、缺陷分布、凝固过程释热、药面处理方式进行了研究。结果表明，聚合物基熔铸炸药载体凝固过程中未出现明显的固液结晶面；随着固体质量分数的提高，炸药流动性降低，但3种炸药均具有满足装药需要的流动性；DNAN基、DNTF基熔铸炸药凝固缺陷呈现不规则、缩孔深的凝固补缩特点，聚合物基熔铸炸药凝固收缩则体现出小幅度、集中、规则的收缩塌陷特点；DNAN基、DNTF基熔铸炸药凝固过程中存在过冷及结晶潜热释放现象，聚合物基熔铸炸药凝固不存在过冷和结晶潜热释放，且装药中心达到同一温度的时间明显短,有利于装药效率的提高；3种配方均具有良好的机械、热和静电安全性；聚合物基熔铸炸药呈现出良好的塑性，后处理比DNAN基、DNTF基熔铸炸药更容易。通过综合分析，聚合物基熔铸炸药综合装药工艺性能优于传统结晶型熔铸炸药。

Study on Technological Difference between Polymer Based Explosive and Traditional Melt-Cast Carrier Explosive

In order to study the difference of charge technology between polymer based melt-cast explosive and traditional crystalline melt-cast explosive, the micro solidification characteristics, fluidity, defect distribution, heat release during solidification and surface treatment of polymer based explosive and traditional crystalline DNAN based or DNTF based melt-cast carrier explosive were studied by the test of micro solidification morphology of carrier, rheological properties of melt cast explosive, X-ray defect detection, temperature-time curves detection in solidification process and state observation of powder chips. Results show that there is no obvious solid-liquid crystal surface in the solidification process of polymer based explosive. Fluidity of explosives decreases with the increase of solid content, but it can meet the needs of charging. Solidification defects of DNAN and DNTF based melt-cast explosives are irregular and deep shrinkage, while that of polymer based melt-cast explosive is small, concentrated, and regular. There is a phenomenon of supercooling and crystallization latent heat release in the solidification process of DNAN based and DNTF based melt-cast explosives, but it is not exist in the solidification process of polymer based melt-cast explosive. The time of polymer based melt-cast explosives for the charge center to reach the same temperature is obviously shorter, which is conducive to the improvement of charging efficiency. Those three formulations all have good mechanical, thermal and electrostatic safety. In addition, polymer based melt-cast explosive exhibits good plasticity, and its post-treatment is easier than DNAN based and DNTF based melt-cast explosives. Through comprehensive analysis, the charging process performance of polymer based melt-cast explosive is better than that of traditional crystalline melt-cast explosive.