Catalytic Synthesis of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters from Extremely Low Quality Greases |
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Authors: | Helen L Ngo Zhigang Xie Stephen Kasprzyk Michael Haas Wenbin Lin |
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Affiliation: | (1) US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA;(2) Department of Chemistry, CB#3290, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;(3) BlackGold Biofuels, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA |
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Abstract: | Biodiesel (BD) is a renewable fuel for compression ignition engines that is composed of the simple alkyl esters, usually methyl-,
of fatty acids (FAME). It is typically produced via base-catalyzed transesterification between refined vegetable oil or animal
fat (e.g., soybean oil, tallow) and an alcohol (e.g., methanol). This process can, however, be marginally cost-effective due
to the high feedstock and processing costs. It is thus desirable to develop new catalytic routes that can efficiently convert
less expensive feedstocks to BD. We report here on the application of a series of diarylammonium based homogeneous and heterogeneous
catalysts for converting a particularly low value, low quality lipid, trap grease, to FAME. In the course of a 1-h reaction
at 125 °C these catalysts simultaneously esterified the free fatty acids (>90 wt% of the substrate) and transesterified the
acylglycerols (<10 wt%) of the feedstock to FAME with greater than 95% overall conversion. |
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