生物表面活性剂的开发和应用

生物表面活性剂经过三十年的发展，现分为发酵法和酶法合成两个分支。生物表面活性剂的品种包括中性类脂、磷脂／脂肪酸、糖脂、含氨基酸类脂，聚合型和特殊型生物表面活性剂。

The Development and Applications of Biosurfactants

There are two main strategies that can be applied to the biosynthesis of surfactants,fermentations(whole cell biotransfomations)and enzymatic reactions.It took about 30 years to reach this state,after the initial pioneering research on this subject.The major types of biosurfactants produced by microorganisms or enzymes are reported in this article,which are neutral lipids,phospholipids/fatty acids,glycolipids,amino acid containing lipids,polymeric and particulate biosurfactants,etc..The corresponding biosurfactants producing microorganisms and enzymes are also introduced.The current advances in processes and recovery of surfactants are discussed and the applications of biosurfactants in some fields such as enhanced oil recovery,energy industry,pharmaceuticals and cosmetics,food and environmental control are presented.