Isolation,characterization, and quantitative analysis of Microviridin J,a new Microcystis metabolite toxic to Daphnia |
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| Authors: | Rohrlack Thomas Christoffersen Kirsten Hansen Poul Erik Zhang Wei Czarnecki Olaf Henning Manfred Fastner Jutta Erhard Marcel Neilan Brett A Kaebernick Melanie |
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| Affiliation: | (1) Freshwater Biological Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Helsingørsgade 51, 3400 Hillerød, Denmark;(2) Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Roskilde University, P.O. Box 260, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark;(3) Group Ecophysiology, Department of Biology, Humboldt-University, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany;(4) Biotechnology Center and Max Vollmer Institute, Technical University Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany;(5) AnagnosTec GmbH, Im Biotechnologiepark TGZ II, 14943 Luckenwalde, Germany;(6) School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia;(7) Group Genetics, Department of Biology, Humboldt-University, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany |
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| Abstract: | This paper describes the purification and characterization of microviridin J, a newly discovered metabolite of Microcystis that causes a lethal molting disruption in Daphnia spp., upon ingestion of living cyanobacterial cells. Microviridin J consists of an acetylated chain of 13 amino acids arranged in three rings and two side chains. Unlike other known isoforms of microviridin, microviridin J contains arginine that imparts a unique solution conformation characterized by proximal hydrophobic interactions between Arg and other regions of the molecule. This eventually results in the formation and stabilization of an additional ring system. Microviridin J potently inhibits porcine trypsin, bovine chymotrypsin, and daphnid trypsin-like proteases. The activity against trypsin is most likely due to Arg and its distinctive conformational interactions. Overall, the data presented for microviridin J emphasize once again the ability of cyanobacteria to produce numerous and potent environmental toxins. |
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| Keywords: | Microcystis cyanobacteria Daphnia microviridin NMR microcystin environmental toxins |
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