中国主要省市1988-2003年亚硝酸盐食物中毒分析

目的分析研究1988—2003年中国主要省市自治区亚硝酸盐食物中毒个案发生状况．方法根据收集所得16年来的中毒文献资料,对有关亚硝酸盐食物中毒事件的中毒原因、场所分布、毒物类别和实验检测等进行分类统计与结构分析．结果1988—2003年国内发生亚硝酸盐食物中毒共报道个案177起,涉及中毒3370人,死亡36人;177起个案发生时间的分布呈逐年上升趋势;在26个省市中,山东省发生中毒的报道居首位;因误用亚硝酸盐导致食物中毒的占50．3％;由熟肉及肉制品引起中毒的占41．8％;亚硝酸盐食物中毒的多发场所在家庭;定量检测结果表明,中毒食物中的亚硝酸盐含量平均超标212倍．结论建议加强全国亚硝酸盐规范使用的指导、培训、管理与监控,减少亚硝酸盐食物中毒的发生．

Analysis of food poisoning cases caused by nitrite in China from 1988 to 2003

We studied the status about food poisoning cases caused by the nitrite in China occurred from 1988 to 2003. By collecting the information of food poisoning cases in these 16 years, the poisoning reasons, location distri-buting and the types of poison in detail were analyzed . In the 177 reported individual cases of nitrite food poisoning, there were 3370 persons poisoned, and with 36 persons died. An increasing tendency of nitrite food poisoning was presented in these years. Among 26 provinces (autonomous region, direct jurisdiction city), Shandong province had highest incidence of poisoning cases. The food poisoning cases caused by misapplication of nitrite as salt was 50.3%, and caused by the cooked meat and meat food was 41.8%. The place of nitrite food poisoning cases occurred was mostly at home. Quantitative analysis showed that the nitrite containing in poisoned food is averaged of 212 times over standard. It is proposed to strengthen the guidance, training, management and control of the norm (usage) of nitrite in the whole country to reduce the occurrence of the nitrite food poisoning.