基于虚拟现实技术的非物质化遗产数字化创新研究

目的 探究虚拟现实技术应用于非物质文化遗产数字化保护与传承的方法框架与关键性设计因子，助力非遗数字化创新。方法 将非遗不依赖物质文化而存在的活态特征与虚拟现实技术的沉浸感、想象性和交互性等特征相结合，提出以虚拟现实游戏为载体作为非遗以人为核心的技艺、经验、精神价值传播的数字化创新路径。基于游戏元素四分法，在现有游戏设计模型和用户体验要素模型的基础上，探索设计流程与方法框架。基于评估的方法开展实验，通过因子分析法提取影响虚拟现实游戏体验的关键性因子。结果 从前期文化调研、非遗游戏定位、内容与机制设计、界面设计4个方面，构建了非遗虚拟现实游戏设计流程与方法框架。提出了包括真实性、游戏性、可用性和情感在内的影响虚拟现实游戏用户体验的要素，并提出了相应的设计策略。在方法框架与关键性因子的设计策略指导下，对内蒙古非物质文化遗产——达斡尔曲棍球开展虚拟现实游戏设计与开发，验证了方法的可行性。结论 虚拟现实游戏为非遗数字化带来了沉浸感、想象性和交互性体验，是非遗数字化创新的重要路径之一。

Digital Innovation of Intangible Cultural Heritage Based on Virtual Reality Technology

This paper aims to explore the method framework and key design factors of the application of virtual reality technology in the digital protection and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage, so as to facilitate the digital innovation of intangible cultural heritage. By combining the living characteristic of intangible cultural heritage, independence of material culture, with the immersive, imaginative and interactive characteristics of virtual reality technology, a digital innovation path for the dissemination of skills, experience and spiritual values centered on intangible cultural heritage was proposed with virtual reality games as the carrier. Depending on the quartet of game elements method, the design process and method framework were explored on the basis of the existing game design models and the user experience element model. Furthermore, the experiment was carried out through the evaluation method, and the key factors on the virtual reality game experience were extracted by factor analysis. From such four aspects as early cultural survey, intangible cultural heritage game positioning, content and mechanism design, and interface design, the design process and method framework of intangible cultural heritage virtual reality game were constructed therefrom. Such factors on the user experience of virtual reality games as authenticity, playability, usability and emotion were summarized with corresponding design strategies. Under the guidance of the design strategies, i.e. method framework and key factors, the virtual reality game design and development of Daur hockey, an intangible cultural heritage of Inner Mongolia, was carried out, and the feasibility of the method was verified hence. Virtual reality games bring immersion, imagination and interactive experience to the digitization of intangible cultural heritage, which is one of the important paths to protection and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage.